https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18891 14.4 km·h−1) demands across each quarter. Decision-making performance was assessed through video by 3 elite umpire coaches who reviewed free-kick accuracy during each match. These data were further analyzed according to the position (mid-zone or end-zone) of the umpire when each decision was made. The average distance covered was 10,563 ± 608 m, of which 1,952 ± 494 m was HSR. Significant reductions in distance covered were observed during the third (p = 0.006) and fourth (p = 0.001) quarters, compared with the first. An average of 44 ± 8 free kicks awarded per match with a decision accuracy of 84 ± 6%; however, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in these measures across a match. Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher physical (HSR; relative distance) and decision-making requirements were observed within the mid-zone. The current data quantify the physical and decision-making demands of AF umpiring and demonstrated that despite a high physical workload, free-kick accuracy is maintained across a match. This suggests that decision making may not be directly compromised by the intermittent running demands of AF umpires. Positional rotations between the mid-zone and end-zone position allow for the demands to be shared among all field umpires during a match.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:32:45 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20226 Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:05:32 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36195 IO₂] = 21%), moderate‐level hypoxia (F_IO₂ = 16%) and high‐level hypoxia (F_IO₂ = 13%). Exercise comprised high‐load squats and deadlifts (5 × 5 using 80% of 1‐repetition maximum with 180‐s rest). Muscle oxygenation and activation were monitored during exercise. Metabolic stress was estimated via capillary blood sampling. Perceived fatigue and soreness were also quantified following exercise. While the hypoxic conditions appeared to affect muscle oxygenation, significant differences between conditions were only noted for maximal deoxyhaemoglobin in the deadlift (P = 0·009). Blood lactate concentration increased from 1·1 to 1·2 mmol l⁻¹ at baseline to 9·5–9·8 mmol l⁻¹ after squats and 10·4–10·5 mmol l⁻¹ after deadlifts (P≤0·001), although there were no between‐condition differences. Perceived fatigue and muscle soreness were significantly elevated immediately and at 24 h following exercise, respectively, by similar magnitudes in all conditions (P≤0·001). Muscle activation did not differ between conditions. While metabolic stress is thought to moderate muscle activation and subsequent muscular development during hypoxic resistance training, it is not augmented during traditional high‐load exercise. This may be explained by the low number of repetitions performed and the long interset rest periods employed during this training. These findings suggest that high‐load resistance training might not benefit from additional hypoxia as has been shown for low‐ and moderate‐load training.]]> Thu 27 Feb 2020 13:33:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20916 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:06:12 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20571 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:02:38 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17321 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:01:45 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19614 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19169 14.4 km/h], very high-speed running [VHSR; >19.8 km/h], and player load), HR and session-RPE (sRPE) scores were recorded. Internal TL scores (HR-based and sRPE-based) were calculated, and their relationships with measures of external TL were quantified using Pearson product–moment correlations. Results: Physical measures of TD, LSA volume, and player load provided large, significant (r = .71–.84; P < .01) correlations with the HR-based and sRPE-based methods. Volume of HSR and VHSR provided moderate to large, significant (r = .40–.67; P < .01) correlations with measures of internal TL. Conclusions: While the volume of HSR and VHSR provided significant relationships with internal TL, physical-performance measures of TD, LSA volume, and player load appear to be more acceptable indicators of external TL, due to the greater magnitude of their correlations with measures of internal TL.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:19 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27112 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26796 IO₂] 0.21), moderate-level hypoxia (F _IO₂ 0.16), or high-level hypoxia (F_IO₂ 0.13) by a portable hypoxic unit. Peak and mean force and power variables were monitored during exercise. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed immediately following each set. No differences in force or power variables were evident between conditions. Similar trends were evident in these variables across each set and across the exercise session in each condition. SpO₂ was lower in hypoxic conditions than in NORM, whereas HR was higher following sets performed in hypoxia. There were no differences between conditions in RPE. These results indicate that a hypoxic stimulus during high-intensity resistance exercise does not alter physical performance during repetitions and sets or affect how strenuous exercise is perceived to be. This novel training strategy can be used without adversely affecting the physical training dose experienced and may provide benefits over the equivalent training in NORM.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28735 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:38 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26156 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30145 p < 0.01; r(s) = 0.71, p < 0.01, respectively). No significant correlations were evident for defensive skill involvements during SSG and match-play. Overall, it appears that the selected SSG provided players with ample opportunity to practice match-specific skills. In addition, the transfer of these opportunities seems confined to offensive rather then defensive skills.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:34:34 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29722 2282 AU, weekly-TL >2786 AU and monotony >0.78 AU) to best predict when athletes are at increased risk of self-reported illness. In addition, a reduction in overall wellbeing (<7.25 AU) in the presence of increased internal-TL as previously stated, was highlighted as a contributor to self-reported illness occurrence.These results indicate that self-report data can be successfully utilized to provide a novel understanding of the interactions between competition-associated stressors experienced by professional team-sport athletes and their susceptibility to illness. This may assist coaching staff to more effectively monitor players during the season and to potentially implement preventative measures to reduce the likelihood of illnesses occurring.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29670 -1) of offensive, defensive and overall involvements was coded for each group using a notation system and a practical coach skill analysis tool. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant effect of playing position on skill involvements (F = 9.06; P < 0.001; ES = 0.41). Hit-up forwards performed a significantly greater frequency of offensive (0.31 ± 0.10), defensive (0.42 ± 0.15) and overall involvements (0.74 ± 0.19) when compared to adjustables (0.20 ± 0.08, 0.28 ± 0.08 and 0.52 ± 0.15, respectively) and outside backs (0.20 ± 0.12, 0.11 ± 0.07 and ± 0.31 ± 0.17, respectively). Further, adjustables performed a significantly greater number of defensive (0.28 ± 0.08) and overall involvements (0.52 ± 0.15) when compared to outside backs (0.11 ± 0.07 and 0.31 ± 0.17, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that it is important to consider a junior player's positional group when analysing their skill involvements. Information gained from this study could assist in the design of specific training methodologies for junior rugby league players in high-level talent development programmes.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:32:21 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26988 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:50 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22320 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:43 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23222 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32764 IO₂] = 21%) and moderate-level hypoxia (MH; F_IO₂ = 16%). Exercise comprised 3 sets of 10 repetitions of squats and deadlifts at 60% of 1 repetition maximum, with 60-second interset rest. Blood lactate (BLa⁻) was quantified after each exercise, whereas arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate (HR) were assessed after each set. Thigh circumference was measured before and after exercise. Muscle activation and oxygenation were monitored by surface electromyography (EMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Relative BLa⁻ concentrations were significantly higher following squats (p = 0.041) and deadlifts (p = 0.002) in MH than NORM. Arterial oxygen saturation was lower after each set in MH compared with NORM (p , 0.001), although HR and thigh circumference were not different between conditions. Integrated EMG was higher in MH than in NORM for the squat during several repetitions (p ≤ 0.032). Measures of muscle oxygen status were not significantly different between conditions (p ≥ 0.247). The main findings from this study suggest that hypoxia during moderate-load resistance exercise augments metabolite accumulation and muscle activation. However, a significant hypoxic dose was not measured at the muscle, possibly because of the moderate level of hypoxia used. The current data support previous hypotheses that have suggested hypoxia can augment some physiological responses that are important for muscular development, and may therefore provide benefit over the equivalent training in normoxia.]]> Mon 23 Jul 2018 12:49:19 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32765 IFT). Relationships between anaerobic tests and V_IFT were quantified via Pearson product-moment correlations, and a 2-predictor model multiple linear regression estimated the predictive relationships between the exercise tests and the V_IFT. Multiple linear regression showed that V_IFT significantly predicted 56, 51, 44, 36, 12, and 1% of the variance in the 300-m shuttle, repeated sprint, 505- and 40-m sprint, vertical jump, and 10-m sprint tests, respectively. The 2-predictor model determined the 300-m shuttle, and repeated-sprint performance accounted for 67% of the variance in V_IFT. These findings highlight that various anaerobic characteristics contribute to the intermittent fitness qualities that are quantified through V_IFT. More specifically, these data indicate that V_IFT is useful for tracking performance in tasks largely determined by anaerobic capacity, but may not be a good predictor of brief all-out sprinting and jumping efforts.]]> Mon 23 Jul 2018 12:49:17 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36367 2 years resistance training experience performed moderate-load resistance exercise in 2 conditions: normoxia (F₁O₂ = 0.21) and hypoxia (F₁O₂ = 0.16). Resistance exercise comprised 3 sets of 10 repetitions of back squats and deadlifts at 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), with 60 seconds inter-set rest. Physical performance was assessed by quantifying velocity and power variables during all repetitions. Perceptual ratings of perceived exertion, physical fatigue, muscle soreness, and overall well-being were obtained during and after exercise. Neuromuscular performance was assessed by vertical jump and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) tasks for up to 48 hours after exercise. Although physical performance declined across sets, there were no differences between conditions. Similarly, perceived exertion and fatigue scores were not different between conditions. Muscle soreness increased from baseline at 24 and 48 hours after exercise in both conditions (p ≤ 0.001). Jump height and IMTP peak force were decreased from baseline immediately after exercise (p ≤ 0.026), but returned to preexercise values after 24 hours. These findings suggest that hypoxic resistance exercise does not affect exercise performance or perceived exercise intensity. In addition, neuromuscular recovery and perceptual markers of training stress were not affected by hypoxia, suggesting that hypoxic resistance training may not add substantially to the training dose experienced.]]> Fri 03 Apr 2020 14:02:09 AEDT ]]>